The Parthenon Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Greeks had an eager individualistic strain that led them to high levels of creative thinking in art, science, and literature. They were by nature sensitive to beauty and made its creation and enjoyment an important and necessary part of their lives. The Parthenon is a beautiful monument noted for its perfect relief of design and the harmony of its proportions. 1 From the computer architecture, to the sculpture, to the history of this great monument the Parthenon remains a masterpiece.The Parthenon is an ancient Greek temple dedicated to the goddess Athena Parthenos (Athena the Virgin), on the Acropolis in Athens. 2 Most Greek cities had an acropolis (meaning "high city" in Greek). The Greeks developed three architectural systems, called orders, each with their own distinctive proportions and detailing. The Greek orders are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.3 The Parthenon architecture is of the Doric order. It is the earliest and simplest of the Greek architectural orders. T he Parthenons columns give an impression of graceful solidity and power. It was built from 447 to 432 BC, under the leadership of Pericles. The Parthenon was a rectangle marble temple measuring rod about 102 by 230 feet. It had 17 columns along each of its sides and 8 columns on each end. 4 The distances between the columns of the Parthenon vary mathematically so that when viewed from a distance, the columns reflected optical distortions. For example, a column that was perfectly straight would look like...

Influences on Huck in Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberyy Finn Essay

Influences on Huck in Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberyy Finn Throughout the incident on pages 66-69 in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck fights with two distinct voices. One is siding with society, axiom Huck should turn Jim in, and the other is let oning the wrong in turning his friend in, not viewing Jim as a striver. Twain wants the contributor to see the moral dilemmas Huck is going through, and what slavery ideology can do to an innocent like Huck.Huck does not consciously think about Jims be freedom until Jim himself starts to get excited about the idea. The reader sees Hucks first objection to Jim gaining his freedom on page 66, when Huck says, Well, I can tell you it make me all over trembly and feverish, too, to hear him, because I begun to get it through my head that he was most free-and who was to blame for it? Why, me. I could get that out of my conscience, no how nor no way. Huck is hearing the voice of society at this point, not his own. He does not see a mor al dilemma with Jim being free he is opposed to the fact that he is the one helping him. This shows Huck misunderstanding of slavery. Huck does not treat Jim like a slave when they travel together, this shows the reader that Huck views Jim as an equal in most ways. Huck sees having a slave only as owning the person, not actually being a slave to someone. Therefore, when he helps Jim runaway it would be like stealing. This conscience is telling him that Miss Watson, Jim?s master, never di...

The Benefits of FFA Membership Essay -- Expository Essays Research Pap

The spacious, mute auditorium is suddenly turned into a buzzing cordial substance as the large double doors are swung light by thousands of enthusiastic young fractions of the case FFA Organization. Although the topics of their conversations may range from discussions on recent intent of Global Positioning Satellites in tractors, to arguments over the greatest sylvan singer of all time, these young people all have one thing in common. They are all wearing the blue corduroy cover of the FFA, proudly displaying the FFA emblem on the back, embroidered with blue and gold thread. These members are standing in the center of Freedom Hall the main auditorium used to hold the National FFA shape in Louisville, Kentucky. They are anxiously awaiting the first session of the first National Convention to be held in Kentucky.Amidst the sea of blue and gold, one member stands silently in awe of the multitude of people. The sleeves of his blue jacket hang stiffly at his side and the copper z ipper shines brightly both signs of a brand new jacket-- a brand new FFA member. His face looks passive as if he really doesnt know how to react, but the sparkle in his look betrays his excitement. This is the first FFA activity he has attended as a high school freshman. To the comely person, the boy looks quiet and shy. However, a seed of strength is start to take root inside this young man. Through being involved in this conventionalism as well as many more FFA activities in the young mans career in FFA, a world of possibilities is opening up for his future.The National future day Farmers of America program was started in 1929 by a assemblage of young people desiring an organization in which they could take agricultural education classes, practice their l... ...eles Times, 5. Retrieved on March 20, 2002 from Lexis-Nexis Academic earth (Newspapers) on the World grand weather vane http//www.lexisnexis.com/universe.htm.Prominent Former Members of the FFA. (2001, September 1 3). National FFA Organization. Retrieved March 19, 2002 from the World Wide Webhttp//www.ffa.org/htmSheshadri, T. (2001, December 26). Student recognized for agricultural acumen. The San Diego Union Tribune, N1-4. Retrieved on March 20, 2002 from Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (Newspapers) on the World Wide Web http//www.lexisnexis.com/universe.htm.Tenney, A. (1977). The FFA at 50. Alexandria, VA time to come Farmers of America.West, S. (2001, September 20). FFA more than cows, plows. The Houston Chronicle, 6. Retrieved on March 20, 2002 from Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (Newspapers) on the World Wide Web http//www.lexisnexis.com/universe.htm. The Benefits of FFA Membership Essay -- Expository Essays Research PapThe spacious, mute auditorium is suddenly turned into a buzzing social center as the large double doors are swung open by thousands of enthusiastic young members of the National FFA Organization. Although the topics of their conversations may range from discu ssions on recent use of Global Positioning Satellites in tractors, to arguments over the greatest country singer of all time, these young people all have one thing in common. They are all wearing the blue corduroy jacket of the FFA, proudly displaying the FFA emblem on the back, embroidered with blue and gold thread. These members are standing in the center of Freedom Hall the main auditorium used to hold the National FFA Convention in Louisville, Kentucky. They are anxiously awaiting the first session of the first National Convention to be held in Kentucky.Amidst the sea of blue and gold, one member stands silently in awe of the multitude of people. The sleeves of his blue jacket hang stiffly at his side and the copper zipper shines brightly both signs of a brand new jacket-- a brand new FFA member. His face looks passive as if he really doesnt know how to react, but the sparkle in his eyes betrays his excitement. This is the first FFA activity he has attended as a high school fres hman. To the average person, the boy looks quiet and shy. However, a seed of strength is beginning to take root inside this young man. Through being involved in this convention as well as many more FFA activities in the young mans career in FFA, a world of possibilities is opening up for his future.The National Future Farmers of America program was started in 1929 by a group of young people desiring an organization in which they could take agricultural education classes, practice their l... ...eles Times, 5. Retrieved on March 20, 2002 from Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (Newspapers) on the World Wide Web http//www.lexisnexis.com/universe.htm.Prominent Former Members of the FFA. (2001, September 13). National FFA Organization. Retrieved March 19, 2002 from the World Wide Webhttp//www.ffa.org/htmSheshadri, T. (2001, December 26). Student recognized for agricultural acumen. The San Diego Union Tribune, N1-4. Retrieved on March 20, 2002 from Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (Newspapers) o n the World Wide Web http//www.lexisnexis.com/universe.htm.Tenney, A. (1977). The FFA at 50. Alexandria, VA Future Farmers of America.West, S. (2001, September 20). FFA more than cows, plows. The Houston Chronicle, 6. Retrieved on March 20, 2002 from Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe (Newspapers) on the World Wide Web http//www.lexisnexis.com/universe.htm.

impresonment is more humane than capitol punishment :: essays research papers

Imprisonment is More Humane than Capital PunishmentMurder, where to perpetrate it. Canada vs. U.S.A. In this essay you allow for learn most Peter and Joe. Peter lives in Canada, he killed five people and was sentenced to the maximum sentence of twenty-five years. Joe lives in the United States and to a fault killed five people, he received a ending sentence. Please remember in this essay Peter and Joe are non very people they are just used to explain this essay. First we will learn about Peters sentence of twenty-five years, then we will learn about Joes death sentence. First lets talk about Peter. He has a life sentence, which in Canada is twenty-five years. I believe this is not a whole life, with all the privileges Peter can earn its just like sitting at home, and not going to work. After 15 years Peter can apply for parole, he most likely wont get it considering he killed five people. Peter has his own board with a toilet, still he has no privacy. Guards are watching him throughout most of the day. Peter has many privileges like television, gym access, library access, the teleph single and also visitors. However these privileges are not free they are earned by being good. The question about going insane well I real dont think he could. If he can sit around, watch television, read books, workout, and well be lazy, how could you go insane like that?Now, nates to Joe, he lives in the United States. He was convicted of killing five people also, he received a death sentence. Joe is now waiting on death row. His death insure is three years from now. Joe spends about twenty-three hours a day in his room on death row, he gets about one hour to walk around. Like Peter Joe does not have privileges like television, gym access, and visitors. He gets books and maybe the telephone at certain times. Now about two months before Joes death date he is told that it has been changed to another two years from now. This could happen up to ten times before the unfeig ned date of his death. I think that this could make a person go insane, sitting in a room almost all day, knowing when your date to die is and then changing it over and over again.

Developing an Appropriate Response to Child Abuse Essay -- Child Abuse

Child abuse is one of the fastest growing social problems in the United States. A social problem is, a condition that a significant number of people believe to be a problem. A condition in which there is a sizable difference between the ideals of a society and its actual achievements (Coleman et al. 20062). However, society has changed the way it views the issue, and is working towards finding a solution to this awful problem. Child abuse encompasses four main areas physical abuse, delirious abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Child abuse is considered a sociological phenomenon because it is a learned behavior. Learning the social patterns as to why people abuse will pause a better understanding to its reasons, and also the development of society in the way that it views children. 3.6 million children were victims of abuse in the year 2006. Sixty four percent were victims of neglect, sixteen percent suffered from physical abuse, and eight percent were sexually abused. Also in 2006, 1,530 children died as a result of abuse an average of four children nonchalant (Child Welfare Information Gateway 2008). A study was done by David G. Gil, author of Violence Against Children Physical Child Abuse in the United States and diary of Marriage and Family, conducted a study about the types of child that was abused. His findings indicated that children of all ages are abused. He also found that abused children are more likely to sum up from single-parent homes or from large families. Income, occupation, and education are all factors that indicate the higher rates of abuse. Most children in his sample were abused by their mothers, and fewer than one-half the abused children in his sample were living with their biological father... ...lcohol abuse problems, children are often the most vulnerable. Briere (1992) talks about societys responsibility to invade care of its future, and using the feminist, functionalist, and conflict theory perspectives, it is ou r responsibility to change the way in which children are taken care of. The treatment of childhood maltreatment cause is still in its infancy, however. It is likely that the next decade will bring with it a burgeoning of treatment techniques and approaches relevant to child abuse. As this field develops, so alike grows the opportunity for clinicians to provide increasingly more effective services to abuse survivors. To the extent that child abuse trauma underlies a significant proportion of advance(a) mental health problems, these developments are likely to have substantial implications for mental health practice in the years to come. (P.163)

Essay --

1.0 Introduction1.1 Background of the studyThis research is to study the implication of Federal Reserve (Fed) tapering of quantity easing (QE) on work finance industry, particularly in emerging markets.Fed quantitative easing (QE) is a channel to revive national economy when standard monetary insurance has become ineffective. It primarily objectives are to stimulus domestic growth and help the sluggish US real estate market by and by financial crisis of 2007 - 2008. It was utilise by Fed because its policies rate have been lower close to zero after subprime crisis. QE has resulted increasing of foreign fund into the emerging markets for higher returns. Oppositely, when Fed announced a tapering of some of it QE policies contingent upon continued showing of positive sign of economy growth in year 2013, the emerging markets economic started rifle uncertain and growth slower. There is a concern more or less emerging nations with large current account deficits, weak public finances a nd high outdoor(a) borrowings relative to reserves will receive worst-affection with capital outflows when the Fed started tapering of QE in 2014. Furthermore, the current liquidity crisis in China and prolonged of European debt crisis would correct the negative impact of tapering on the economic growth in emerging markets. The continuing of economic sluggish in China and Eurozone while the linked States (US) economic growth not benefiting emerging nations exporting and external trade. Hence, the prediction is emerging market will experience a slower economy after tapering of QE. This research is to study perspectives and challenges in trade finance industry in the era post tapering.1.2 Problem statementThe recent sharp smoothen in currency and capital markets uncertainty in... ...roach allows this interviewees to discuss their opinions, views and experiences in depth, Furthermore, the researcher may seek that clarification whenever it is necessary. The interview will consists nine diffuse questions developed for the targeted interviewees. The questions may vary for the he top management, middle management and general level employees. The interviewees responses will lead to the length of the interview. However, the targeted length of the interview is about 30 - 45 minutes accordingly. In addition, some secondary data will be collected from the public journals, expert analysis and company reports to further clarify the information collected from the interviews. These data collected will be used in the evaluation and analysis process together with the information from the respondents to put forward the quality of the findings of the research.

a state of mind :: essays research papers

SHIT? It is a whole state of mind... Rflechissez when you go to the john, you say itself... "AhJe naturally ten will malicious gossip a whore of large shit, Ca will shit of the bubbles" BUT only same Etes you conscious of the existence of your own shit, fruit of your entrails... Jako Boeuf said, I cite"Tout homophile equipped with an anus of surcoit conscious of its existence cannot be conceived without the Shit." By this Quotation Jako Ox, proves to us that the shit exists, more thanover it lives in symbiosis with its genitor The man This is the indubitable proof that the shit as bulky as it is as puante as it soitQue this shit exists beautiful and well in this world without pity... To return from on that point to the primary thought, the man who wants to shit, aprs to be certain xistence of its shit, does it have to wonder whether its shit is as large as it thinks it??? For that the man must unceasingly analyse this divine feeling with those which it tested be fore, which it amene forcing, inevitably with the conclusion scatologiqueToute shit is relative in the face. an experimental method of calibration of the shit at summer essential by Jean-Phillipe Ball, disciple of famous Jako Ox... D=((Vh)*P)/S Ddiametre of the merde(en m) VhVitesse of race towards the chiottes(en m/s) PPoid of homme(en N) SSuperficie of the chiottes(en m) It is thus, which we learn that the larger the john is, the more the shits are small in diameter, which explains why people having a large surface of john, shit more per quantity of absorptive food than the other individuals. ExempleLa quiche shits a shit approximately 5.7 cm in diameter for an average length of 2m04.cf Pastis house A recent Study with also allowed our laboratory of aproximer the length of a Shit. L=(t*q)/t+a L length of the shit T time since the last repas(en hour) Q quantity of aerated beverage use upe(en L) T Coefficient of contraction of rectum a Age of the SDF of the corner of the street ( in second) a 3 propriet of the shit can be calculated Its I.G.M (Gustatory Index Merdique), also called master of Ball. This index of quality to the consumer to control the quality of its excrements.Plus the index is elev, plus quality is good. This index is measured with Burne paper?, this paper, into contact of the shit changes color according to the hygiene of this one.

Impact of Pulp Magazines on American Culture Essay -- Expository Essay

Impact of Pulp Magazines on American CultureThe story is worth more than the paper it is printed on. wiener Munseys words symbolized the history of the pulp magazine. Frank Munsey started the pulp magazine craze with his first magazine, the Argosy, in 1896. The Argosy was a revamping of his childrens magazine, the Golden Argosy, shifting its concenter from children to adults. The Argosy offered large amounts of fiction for a low price, because these stories would be printed on cheap pulpwood scraps, thus gaining the name pulp magazine. The pulp magazine has been a objet dart of American history for well over a hundred years. During the late 1890s, there was a period of high immigration. These immigrants and other working poor had no source of inexpensive literature, and this led to the development of the pulp magazine. Pulp magazines held a collection of stories in every issue, serialized so that in the following issue the adjacent chapter of the story would appear. Since the fir st pulp magazines success, the Argosy, other magazines spawned, such as All-Story and Weird Story, and sinc...

F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby - Nick Carraway as Narrator Essa

The narrative point of view adopted by F. Scott Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby supports the novels criticism of the upper class and the importance of wealth in society. Fitzgerald uses snick Carraway as the narrator who views the upper class as entirely superficial. Through his observation of large number at Gatsbys party, at the beginning of chapter three, Nick seems to feel that the wealthy are clones of a stereotype strikeed and created by themselves. To him it seems as though this society is establish on appearance and recognition and judges people according to how much they own rather than what they believe in. Nicks criticisms are accepted by the reader as impartial because Nick is the only major character who is not preoccupied with wealth. This is established in the first few pages of the novel where Nick describes himself and his upbringing in a manner that immediately secures the trust of the reader. This allows Nick to act as a measure for other characters who are in a relentless seeking of money and power. Fitzgerald creates a particular impression of Nick in the first few pages of the novel in order for Nick to present himself as truthful and to secure the trust of the reader. Fitzgerald does this by describing Nicks upbringing and his opinion of himself. Nick states that he is inclined to reserve all judgments which is a matter of infinite hope. This has the immediate effect of presenting Nick as an unbiased narrator. When he states that his tolerance has a limit, the reader feels that he would only judge people if they have gone too far. The importance of this is that Nick does get to very strong opinions of characters later in the novel. This encourages the reader to view these characters so that they will develop ... ...ween the reader and Nick in order for the reader to accept Nicks opinions as impartial. He places Nick in a typical situation where wealthy people interact. The reader is encouraged to view the upper class as superficia l and as a group of clones who discern to fit into a single self-created stereotype. By focusing on only a few individuals at Gatsbys party, Nick presents the entire class pretentious behaviour quickly and effectively to the reader. The importance of appearance and recognition to these people is noted several times by Nick when he describes groups of people behaving in their typically superficial manner. The narrative point of view adopted by F. Scott Fitzgerald thoroughly supports this novels criticism of wealthy people and how they choose to lead their lives. Works CitedFitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York Macmillan, 1992.

Postmodernism and the Fundamentalist Revival Essay -- Postmodernism

Postmodernism and the Fundamentalist Revival For coetaneous Westernparticularly Americanthought, there seduce been two common theories, at polar ends of the spectrum. There is the tactile sensation that there are absolute honest forces, and there is the tone that there are no set standards of judgment. twain of these views seem extreme, attacking our sense of modernity and our sense of personal values. Consequently, most tidy sum find their place somewhere moderately in the midst of the two. As between belief and unbelief there is agnosticism, or between moralism and immoralism there is amoralism, between the belief in standards and the belief in no standards there is postmodernism. Postmodernism places at its flatt that there is no unified theory or objective standard by which to judge every thing that is and that there can be no independent standard for determining which of many rival interpretations is the right one (Fish). Postmodernists thus assign the label opinion to most qualitative concepts a belief in an afterlife, bagels, and international politics cannot be judged on the same scale. This is very egalitarian, allowing mess to have personal beliefs while not necessarily bothering others with them. Even in light of the fundamentalist wave that crashed after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, postmodernism, the central philosophy of coetaneous America, has withstood the test of time. As a form of thinking, postmodernism has had an easy existence in the latter half of the 20th century. After World War II, the only conflicts we have had either involved bloodless politics (the Watergate scandal), isolated events (the Cuban missile crisis), or ideological disputes (Korean and Vietnam... ...st theories, was strong enough (or possibly flimsy enough) to withstand a clean fundamentalist revival. The belief in polar rights and wrongs is stronger now, after the attacks, nevertheless postmodernisms invulnerability does not mean t hat it is incorruptible to these polar beliefs. A new philosophy that incorporates both of these ideas may soon emerge, seeking to pacify opponents of each, and, even if it succeeds, such a ideological fusion would be born in postmodernism, in the belief that this idea of standards and measurements cannot be completely disproven.Sources CitedFish, Stanley. Condemnation Without Absolutes. parvenu York Times. A19. 15 Oct. 2001Halliday, Fred. Two Hours that Shook the World. London Saqi Books, 2002Rothstein, Edward. Attacks on U.S. Challenge the Perspectives of Postmodern True Believers. New York Times. A17. 22 Sep. 2001. Postmodernism and the Fundamentalist Revival Essay -- PostmodernismPostmodernism and the Fundamentalist Revival For contemporary Westernparticularly Americanthought, there have been two prevailing theories, at polar ends of the spectrum. There is the belief that there are absolute ethical forces, and there is the belief that there are no set standards of judgment. Both of these views seem extreme, attacking our sense of modernity and our sense of personal values. Consequently, most people find their place somewhere moderately between the two. As between belief and unbelief there is agnosticism, or between moralism and immoralism there is amoralism, between the belief in standards and the belief in no standards there is postmodernism. Postmodernism places at its core that there is no unified theory or objective standard by which to judge every thing that is and that there can be no independent standard for determining which of many rival interpretations is the right one (Fish). Postmodernists thus assign the label opinion to most qualitative concepts a belief in an afterlife, bagels, and international politics cannot be judged on the same scale. This is very egalitarian, allowing people to have personal beliefs while not necessarily bothering others with them. Even in light of the fundamentalist wave that crashed after the terror ist attacks of September 11, 2001, postmodernism, the central philosophy of contemporary America, has withstood the test of time. As a form of thinking, postmodernism has had an easy existence in the latter half of the 20th century. After World War II, the only conflicts we have had either involved bloodless politics (the Watergate scandal), isolated events (the Cuban missile crisis), or ideological disputes (Korean and Vietnam... ...st theories, was strong enough (or possibly flimsy enough) to withstand a new fundamentalist revival. The belief in polar rights and wrongs is stronger now, after the attacks, but postmodernisms invulnerability does not mean that it is incorruptible to these polar beliefs. A new philosophy that incorporates both of these ideas may soon emerge, seeking to pacify opponents of each, and, even if it succeeds, such a ideological fusion would be born in postmodernism, in the belief that this idea of standards and measurements cannot be completely dispr oven.Sources CitedFish, Stanley. Condemnation Without Absolutes. New York Times. A19. 15 Oct. 2001Halliday, Fred. Two Hours that Shook the World. London Saqi Books, 2002Rothstein, Edward. Attacks on U.S. Challenge the Perspectives of Postmodern True Believers. New York Times. A17. 22 Sep. 2001.

Sam Shepard Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Sam ShepardSam Shepard is a contemporary American playwright and actor whose plays mickle with modern social concerns. He was influenced by Beat Generation writers such as Allen Ginsberg who rebelled against a society of economic affluence and social conformity following World War II. Insatiable consumerism became a central trait of postwar life, driven by the mass media, advertising, and generous loan terms (Sam Shepard). From this atmosphere the Beat Writers came forward to declare their dementia from what they saw as the creed of suburban conformity in favor of what Ginsberg called the lost America of love (Sam Shepard). It was from this generation of writers that Shepard was inspired to address the issues of monomania from society, loss of identity and the deterioration of the family structure. The themes explored by Shepard may be described as the picture of America torn between the idealistic values and tender realities of a frontier paved over by a parking lot (Sam Shepard ) . In other words, progress and change are destroying the incarnate values of America as the former replaces the latter. Having grown up in the 50s and 60s, a period of social metamorphosis, Shepard must turn out observed for himself that the apple-pie family of popular culture was far different from the changing face of societys real life family whose members struggle for identity and connection. As television presented an idealization of suburban family life, reality suggested otherwise.Shepard is known for his oblique story lines, slightly mysterious characters, and use of surreal elements with images of popular culture (Sam Shepard). The majority of his plays deal with the betrayal of the American dream, the search for ... ...iculate enough to compose his thoughts, and Austin does non have the adventurous spirit to survive in the desert. Therefore, they realize their identities are not found in each other.The characters in each of these plays grapple for identity and conne ction, which Shepard recognizes as true in modern American families. As they assert themselves, family tightness is the result and the Brady Bunch dream is only that a dream.Works CitedGilman, Richard. Sam Shepard Seven Plays. Introduction. sweet York Bantam Books, 1981. xi-xxvii.Sam Shepard. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. Microsoft Corporation. 1993-1998.Shepard, Sam. Sam Shepard Seven Plays. New York Bantam Books, 1981.Williams, Megan. Nowhere Man and the Twentieth-Century Cowboy Images of Identity and American History in Sam Shepards True West. Modern Drama. 40 (Spring 1997) 57-73.

Business Presentation :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Business PresentationTechniques for a Perfect Business Presentation Technicalities argon all besides often to blame for miscues and failures in todays Business world. How often do you hear about some on not getting a Job because there was a technicality problem with his or her resume? Unfortunately it happens all the time. I plan on presenting the skills and knowledge from start to arouse for a perfect business presentation. hearing is not a skill that virtually people perform well on average a person listens at only 25% efficiency (Curtis, 1997), making listening even more important to develop this skill. As human interaction goes, listening is the most important skill in communication. So many opportunities are lost by poor listening skills, not to mention losing valu able time. The importance of listening is immeasurable. Listening is a heavy element of communication, speaking well is not worth anything unless the receiver in a conversation listens just as well. L istening is basically a form of comprehension, if you do not listen than you cannot comprehend what is being said. harmonise to a study by J.D. Johnson (1971) found that listening affects the sense of a problem, the retention and attention of an individual, and the overall moral of the group (p. 297). As a consequence a good listener has more confidence and is able to have a vision of self-promotion. This is especially important in a job interview, and creates a more positive social environment for ones self. People are always more re4spected when they listen and demonstrate a good attention span. Listening habits are gradually and naturally inhibited over our entire lives. According to Curtis (1997) however, most of these acquired listening habits are undesirable (p. 64). They are generally described as second nature, or performed with out thought of even doing so. Nevertheless, they can be overcome by observing the common causes of such ineffective listening. These causes a re Talking rather than Listening, The entertainment syndrome, giving into bias, Uncritical listening, Giving into distractions, fear of problematic material. Most of these are self-explainable, but some are not. The entertainment syndrome for example is a significant one. It includes the basic need for people to be entertained. If such a speaker does not entertain it is easy for us not to give him or her our attention (Curtis 1997).

High Performance Working and Employee Engagement

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The CEO of this J&W PLC social club has asked for a report to senior(a) vigilance on how to amend relieve oneselfing system so that overall action in exploit can correct. In this report the senior worry team is identifying different issues which atomic number 18 leading to low supply lean in the establishment. This paper leads information about the risque performance pastureings and employee naming which consists of various definitions given by different authors and different types of examples which argon helpful in improving organization performance.The main aim of this project is to reserve a frame behave of how steep shipment HRM practices help in improving HPW and employee reservation in organization. There down been many papers and research carried out on HRM and elaborate performance. But many have struggled to keep the ideal touch oned to sustainher, thus the main aim to this paper to deliver the goods the positive bonding link am ongst high commitment HRM practices to develop HPW and employee appointment in work force. INTRODUCTIONIn recent years companies or organizations in any industry handle manufacturing, wellness cargon services, financial services, consumer products and services, government agencies and information technology and telecommunications sectors etcetera , argon counsel on improving organisational performance in both neat confines and long term basis. Now a days companies expecting solid performance over short term period and maintain the logical performance over the long term time period in order to sustain in this competitive market.Organizational performance mainly depends on the issues analogous serviceman resources management practices, high performance working and high level of employee competitiveness. From the curriculum vitae of Sunday times newspaper which is based on employee perceptions of their own work place and policies and processes of the employees, it is revea led that our caller (i. e. J&W PLC) employees be unhappy and the staff overall performance is very low and staff often get past with doing very little at work and this affects the quality, productivity and sugar of organization. advanced performance working and employee engagement is the operations like how the employees are managed in work to the management and leadership issues of the organization. The senior management team who is responsible for the strategic planning and decision making process needs to identify the brief review of the every component for building blocks of the organization. In this report the main focus is on how to correct the high performance working and employee engagement in the alliance. To have a high performance working surroundings and offend employee engagement, management should focus on the key issues of high commitment HRM practices.As we the senior management team reviewing the aspect of Best Companies to work for 2012 published in Sunday times and researching the classical practices to repair the organisational overall performance. LITERATURE REVIEW Organizational ripening and performance outcome reflects from how HR practices are implemented to satisfy the goals of club. Martin et al (2010) suggested that organizational development is an approach to dealing with change which incorporates aspects of culture, working atmosphere, employee commitment and conflict in seeking to achieve organizational military strength.The concepts of high performance working and employee engagement are interrelated to the organizational performance and these are the range practices in the company which are linked with the high commitment HRM practices. EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT Employee engagement is a hot big topic in recent years because employers are seeking employees motivation, commitment and general support to the business to enhance the organizational performance beyond the normal. The purpose of the employee engagement is to g ain the contribution of the mployees than the seam expectation. The advantages in implementing the employee engagement practices is to gain the employee interest towards work, feeling of value to the organization and chances of improving personal and career development. Definitions Employee engagement is an effective practice in the organization which produces a better organizational performance and employee career development. It is possible when at that place is a fit employee commitment, trust, loyalty and motivation to do work to the organization.According to the CIPD et al (2011) employee engagement is a combine of commitment to the organization and helping out in solving the issues of their colleagues, it is much than the job joy and non single motivating employee to engage in work. litigate et al (2009) verbalize in USP Business Development review employee engagement is the discretionary effort that individuals apply for fully utilizing their skills. Employee engage ment is most important for fighting in the contemporary business environment.As per The Gallop Organization, which studied employee engagement in 7,939 business units in 36 companies, found that employee engagement was positively associated with performance in a variety of areas, including add-ond customer satisfaction, profitability and productivity, and reduced employee turnover. CIPD et al (2011) identified there are three dimensions of the way of engaging in work by the employees The intellectual engagement shows the employee thinking hard about the job and finding the solutions for the betterment of the job.The affective engagement illustrates the employee feeling positively doing a sincere job. The social engagement is an opportunity to interact and discuss the work related betterments with the managers and other employees. light upon Factors Every employer expects to achieve extra mile in work and to help them from issues like lack of product quality from their workforce. The following are the important drivers of the employee engagement which may enhance or decrease the engagement in work. Employee factors * Career development * Job satisfaction * Work/life balance Employer factors Right people for the right job * Use of skills * Good working environment * Business cost Increasing Employee Engagement Productivity in organizations cannot be measured in the term of employee satisfaction but can be explained in terms of employee engagement. Organizations that show interest on improving Employee Engagement generally focuses on 1. Organizational culture Culture within the organization consists of values, HR practices, effectiveness of the dodge, leadership in the organization and effective communication. These issues may influence the employee engagement. . Continuous reinforcement of people focused policies It exists when the senior management provides information about the resources and provide adequate budgets to accomplish their work & empowering the m. This will help in the improving the career development of the employees. 3. Meaningful Metrics These are the factors that are essential for the organizational performance. As we discussed above the organizational performance is based upon the people and some of the metrics will naturally move the focus of the people to lead a beneficial change. . Organizational Performance Depends on high level of trust, pride, satisfaction, and company victor. Figure sourced from http//retention. naukrihub. com/images/performance-and-engagement. JPG Increasing the Employee engagement can be improved by periodically concentrating on some of the components * Provide variety The repetitive tasks can make a person burn out or so boredom. Every job has many of the repetitive tasks so the employee should look for ways to introduce a variety by rotating duties and responsibilities. Periodic meetings Managers and the supervisors must be sharing the periodic challenges, acts, employee feed sustain rec eiving and large constructive feedback, effective communicating with the employee and providing the employee with financial information. * Indulge in employee development and providing them an open environment. * Communicating openly and clearly with the employees expectations at every level. Ex vision, priorities & etc. * Working with employees by knowing their interests, goals, stressors etc. show interest in their wellbeing so that they will have a very light and match in work and life. Finally celebrating the success in what they achieved in individual & organizational teams. lofty Performance Working Belt and Giles et al (2009) state that only one third of UK companies are following the high performance working practice. The measurements of the high performance working are difficult because of variation in the definitions that are used. Definitions of HPW According to the Belt and Giles et al (2009) high performance working is a distinctive approach of the management in wor kplaces in order to enhance the organizational performance with the investment of the employee skills.High performance working has been defined by the many authors according to the Belt and Giles et al (2009) it is a general approach to managing organizations that aims to stimulate more(prenominal) effective employee involvement and commitment in order to achieve high levels of performance. According to the Ashton and Sung et al (2005) a unique definition that is widely accept is they are a set of complementary work practices covering three broad categories like high employee involvement practices, human resource practices and reward and commitment practices and these are referred as bundles of practices.Martin et al (2010) defined high performance working represents a combination of people, technology, management and productivity which are integrated effectively to provide a competitive advantage on a sustainable basis. High Performance Working Practices High performance working practices are identified by the many others and as follows Ashton and Sung et al (2005) did research in association with CIPD recognized 35 HR practices which fell under the broad HR activities 1. High involvement 2. Human resource practices 3. Reward and commitmentAll the 35 HR practices are makeed in four dimensions * Employee involvement and autonomy to decision making process( self managed teams, staff suggestions, etc) * Support for employee involvement and performance(appraisals, mentoring, etc) * Rewards for performance(profit sharing, sharing options, etc) * Sharing of information and knowledge(circulating information, a copy of business pan and targets to employees, etc) Snell and Bohlander et al (2007) identified four fundamental principles of HPW practices * Shared informationTraditionally the employers are not interested to provide strategies, plans, and objectives to the employees. This illustrates the prerequisite for employee involvement and empowerment within the or ganization. * Knowledge development The development must start from the fundamentals and they can have opportunity to how to interact with old knowledge or creating new knowledge in respect to the objectives of organizations, customer needs, and process. * Performance reward linkage Employer seeks to encourage the employee by offering rewards to the performance in the organization.There are various types of rewards like promotions, career development and tuition, praise and greater level of autonomy and delegation. * Egalitarianism It is an interesting concept where the employee must be one of the member of organization rather than being a employee. It is lack of status and recognition in organization everyone has different grapheme to play but are equally important in achieving the success. Huselid et al (1995) recognized the following HPW practices * Focusing on employee merit in promotion decisions deepen selectivity in recruitment * Pre employment testing * Internal recruitme nt for non-entry level jobs * Formal information sharing * Formal job analysis * Provision of dinner gown educate * Attitude surveys * Quality circles and labor management participation teams * Company incentive plans/profit sharing scheme * Formal grievance procedures * Formal performance appraisals * Performance-related pay HPW practices must implement according to the type, needs and objectives of the organization.For instance McDonald is in food service sector the appraisal system must be make according to the performance of the employee like speed of the work, quality in work, and providing fast services to the customers. In their research Ashton and Sung et al (2005) found that some bundles of HPW practices is more effective in some sectors than the other. For an example if there is a requirement of more creativity in the work like marketing and HR services, HPW practices like sharing knowledge and ideas among the team will yield better results. HPW SystemHPW practices like selective recruitment, intensive job training, team working, sharing information, egalitarianism, performance related appraisals system and profit sharing. - Employee engagement, commitment, pledge and motivation Higher employee and organization performance High commitment HRM Practices This is the new way of approach which was eventually started in the joined States and later followed all the developed countries like United Kingdom in which organization mainly focusing the quality of the product rather than the cost.The concept is that a particular bundle of the HR practices has the potential to provide higher(prenominal) levels of productivity. These practices are important in order to improve the employee engagement and high performance working in the organization. Components of High commitment HRM practices Pfeffer et al (1998) identified seven take up practices of high commitment HRM practices. 1. Employment security and internal labor markets Pfeffer et al (1998) stated tha t employment security is the fundamentally underpinning the other six components.Employment security is one of the key issues to the employee to perform better in work because once employees got the job security there is a chance of increasing the company performance. This doesnt mean that if employee is repeatedly committing mistakes should be hold backed in the company. Every employer must seek that the employee to retain in the company for long term basis and to contribute to the betterment of the organization. The long continuity of the employee will cut off the costs like recruiting, training and work development programmes. If he organization need compulsory layoffs and to undermine the employment security alternatives like improve multitasking skills of the workers, reducing the labour costs by reducing the wages and over staffing. 2. Selective hiring and advanced(a) selection Now a days employers are more focused on to the sophisticated selection of the trump candidates f or job and take more care during recruiting. They are also expecting the good profile candidate who deserves the qualities like team working, social and social skills than the technical skills.Selective hiring implies the sampling of the candidates who posses good efficient skills in order to perform job. Pfeffer (1998) stated in selective hiring and sophisticated selection by sophisticated interviews and proper employment tests or psychometric tests like general ability tests, personality tests and specific skills test must be perform prior recruiting will promote the organization. These all above practices will help the HR team to provide organization a long term benefits and increase the continuity of the selection decisions. 3. massive training, learning and developmentAfter recruiting the skilled applicant extensive training must be provided by the organization. They must be focused on the training for team working and specific skills for the work. For an instance, MNCs in k nowledge processing outsourcing train their new staff with specific job related training on typing and MS office. Training and development must be restricted only for the new employees but also for the existing employees in order to improve the skills for their future. Outcomes depends on the how much the employer is investing funds for training, development and learning. 4.Employment involvement, information sharing and worker voice Employment involvement and information sharing helps to achieve increase the problem solving conferences and project teams and lowers the communication. Employee involvement is attained by the opening communication regarding the financial performance, strategy and operations in the organization will straight improve the trust and positive environment in the organization. For an instance to improve team working HR practices must implement such that employees can be to able to offer their suggestions for the betterment of the organization. 5. Self manag ed teams/ team workingPfeffer et al (1998) stated that teamwork is typically seen as leading to better decision making and the achievement of more creative solutions. These practices are very difficult to implement in the practices but strengthen the management control. There may be the chances of the peer group pressures and boring low level jobs, these are the reasons why self managed teams is very difficult to intrude. 6. High performance contingent on performance Pfeffer et al (1998) stated that there are two components in this practice one is performance related pay and second is providing more compensation than normal.This type of practice attains the high quality of labor due to proving a need to pay for the performance. 7. Reduction of staff differences or harmonization In retail organizations the lower level staffs are very important assets because they are the persons who have got direct contact with the customers. They must be treated as the same as senior management and must encourage them to come up with some ideas with open management. This can be attained by the staff uniforms, shared canteens and parking. These types of practices will help the management in creating the positive and pen environment in company. 8. Work-life balanceThis is a new concept which was focused by the many organizations in order to improve the work life balance. According to the Sunday times survey (2012), in recent years there is an increase in the females than the males in senior positions. There is a chance of burden on the females who cares the family and certainly need to fulfill their responsibilities in the work. Pfeffer et al (1998) stated that if the work-life imbalance in the employees there is a chance of sonorous performance outcome. The Sunday Times published Best Companies to Work for 2012 on 11 March 2012 edited by Dominic OConnell, business editor.This is 12th annual emergence of Britains most dynamic and engaging workplaces. The leading 325 organizati ons are recognized in the four lists and they are the scoop organizations to work in Britain and voted by their workers. 1. 100 best small companies 2. 100 best companies 3. 25 best big companies 4. 100 best not for profit organizations Methodology of the survey The Sunday Times list of the 100 best companies to work for 2012 is derived from the views of employees and the policies and processes of employers. It identifies best practice and ranks organizations according by their results in eight key indicators of staff engagement.The survey contains 70 questions in measuring eight factors in workplace. These elements were used to determine the final company rankings. The eight key factors of employee engagement are the employee experience of their workplace in the following areas. 1. leadHow employees feel about the head of the company and its senior managers 2. WellbeingHow staff feels about the stress, pressure and the balance between their work and home duties. 3. Giving someth ing backHow much companies are thought by their staff to put back into society generally and the local community. . Personal growthTo what extent staff feels they are stretched and challenged by their job 5. My managerHow staff feels towards their immediate boss and day-to-day managers 6. My companyFeelings about the company people work. 7. My teamHow staff feels about their colleagues. 8. beauteous dealHow happy the workforce is with their pay and benefits People completing the employee survey responded to each statement by indicating their level of agreement on a seven-point carapace ranging from strongly disagree 1 to strongly agree 7.In all profiles, the score percentage on each question is mentioned. In this report to CEO, we have selected five best big companies from The Sunday Times Survey and identified the key factors for improving the organizational performance. The sampling of the companies is done on the sector in which they are serving. The send back witnesses the pe rcentage of employee voted for different issues of employee engagement practices in different companies. American Express UK Company Percentage of employees They believe they can contribute to the company success 79% Love working with the organization 72%They feel they can make difference with in it 75% knobes care for employees job satisfaction 70% Bosses lecture openly with them 79% They believe they can contribute to company success 79% They feel that company leadership is inspirational 71% Managers share important information with them 75% Mc Donalds Company Percentage of employees staff says they have confidence in skills of their managers 76% Everyone is treated fairly 70% They are loving it 70% Managers deals with the issues instead of avoiding 64% Confidence in managers 77%Training in the job is great 73% Happy with pay and benefits they get 65% They are fairly paid 60% Iceland Company Percentage of employees They love working for the company 79% Staff feel that boss r uns the company on sound values 67% They are aware of what is expected from them 85% Managers help to fulfill their potentials 78% Happy with pay and benefits 81% Boss gives inspiration to them 76% Valuable success to company 80% Proud to work for the company 81% PwC Company Percentage of employees Employee feel proud to work for company 83%They are excited about company uptrend in performance 70% Chairman as an inspiration leader 77% Staff say senior bosses are good listeners 67% Company is doing bit for the environment 76% Plenty opportunities to grow and learn 72% Managers are part models 69% Staff experience is valuable for future 82% Homebase Company Percentage of employees Staff says that job is not interfering in home duties (Work-life balance) 73% They dont feel they spent much time working 69% Stress levels low 78% They believe contribute to company success 77%They feel they can make difference with init 76% Employee are happy with pay and benefits 50% Employees have a g reat support to provide service 71% CONCLUSION J&W PLC is a work place where there is no team work among workers and worker are not loyal to their jobs, it has been noticed that employees of J&W Plc are doing less work then they should. In order to rectify this problem this organization must improve wide scale of HRM activities where motivation, task analyzing and work segregation should be considered.This paper has proved that HRM is really necessary part of an organization which wants to be at the top of their game, and always wants to have the upper hand in market. HRM always takes care of employees and their related areas which are interviewing, improving motivation, proper training and implementation of companys policies. Not only concentrating on the recruitment and training, they need to focus on the career development of the employee, employee motivation, employee compensation and benefits and to provide good work-life balance.These implications in the HR management practice s will yield good employee trust and commitment towards the organization which helps to build employee engagement. To be successful every organization should have high level of employees engagement. This only can be achieved by having a workflow where any employee can see opportunity to advance in career, higher job satisfaction and work-life balance. To gain higher employee engagement the employer must do surveys on the employees and questioners about the work force, this assists the organization to identify the black spots within the organization.After identifying the key issues in the work force, management needs to focus on the implementing of the practices to improve the employee engagement as mentioned already in the literature review. This procedure may assist the organization to improve the employee engagement and it also depends on the type of the organization and availability of funds. It is witnessed in The Sunday Times Survey 2012, the five companies which are selected f rom the 25 best big companies the practices which in turn yields higher employee engagement.The survey review shows the critical issues from the employees point of view and the issues in work force are mentioned in the tables. For such practices organization should have High Performance Work System through which employees can project on what they are doing and try to improve there working standards by using high commitment and high involvement working practices. For improving HPW in employees, organization should provide proper job training, improve team working, performance related appraisals system and pay, profit sharing to the employees.It creates the high involvement, security and provides high motivation to perform work and improves the organization performance. These practices are the chain based and the results from the practices are satisfactory. In order to implement these practices management must concentrate on the employee surveys and need to decide which HPW practices will help the organization to improve over all performance. In short the HPW practices difficult to implement and need every part of organization to work in a synchronization and matching manner to get maximum output. RECOMMENDATIONSAs per the discussion and reviewing all aspects of employee engagement and HPWP system there is always a need for an organization to have a individualise model of high performance work system for being more effective and profitable. So the recommended model for HPWP should have main five factors for implementing HPW working practice and employee engagement to withstand competition from competitors. In order to implement this model a full attention of employee is required, for that HRM need to evaluate all the employees and if necessary have new persons and fire old employees whose performance is very low for long duration.Employee surveys must be done to identify the issues in their work force. After reviewing the survey management needs to highlight the key areas of improving employee engagement and high performance working in the organization. American Express UK and Homebase are two companies in the 25 best big companies for 2012 these two companies are not there in the Sunday Times Survey 2011 but rose dramatically to the higher peak in overall performance by 2012, by implementing good HR practices which increases employee engagement and high performance working.The 70% employees of McDonalds and 79% of employees in Iceland voted that they love the work. This illustrates the job satisfaction, happy with the compensations and benefits and motivation in work force. This is the reason why Iceland holds Rank 1in the Sunday Times Survey. So, this model will improve work force and make them engage at work. This model can work only when every department is in coordinated with each other and focusing on the company betterment. Recommendation Draft TemplatePriority Action Business Justification Benefits Specific Intervention Time Fra me Who Cost Method of monitoring egress of not doing 1 Sophisticated employee recruiting For hiring skilled work force To improve the quality of work By Psychometric tests, aptitude tests and personality tests. gyp term Human Resource management and senior management team. Less cost. Efficient knowledge &relevant experience required. Skills of the employees must be carefully monitored Chance of hiring botchy worker for the job. 2 Extensive training and development Improving employee engagement in the work force To improve the employee in specific skill development Good resources are required Long term Senior management and skilled executives Investment required Constant and consistent supervision required Company cannot withstand with competition 3 Team working To provide high performance working in company To improve good communication between staff and to achieve creative solutions Selecting the team members Long term Team leaders Less cost By team performance results Th e development of the company will be staged 4 Work life balance To improve employee commitment To improve the employee involvement in work Recognizing the stress levels by questioners Long term Managers Cost efficient Supervised by the feeling of willingness to work Chance of lowering the company performance 5 Performancerelated pay To improve trust and commitment To improve the high performance working Performance pay must be given by reaching particular targets Short term HR and Account department Sufficient funds required Pay records must be documented Lowers the quality of labor REFERENCES 1. Martin, J (2010). Key concepts in human resource management. Sage publications. 2. CIPD (2011). Employee engagement, facesheet. in stock(predicate) at www. cipd. co. uk 3. CIPD (2011). Employee engagement for sustainable organizational performance, practical tools, available at www. cipd. co. UK/hrresources/practical tools. 4. McCauley, S (2009). Employee engagement for outstanding perf ormance, USP business development Ltd, available at http//www. uspbd. com/Employee_Engagement_Business_Performance. aspx. 5. McCauley, S (2009). 1 leading causes of disengagement, USP business development Ltd, available at http//www. uspbd. com/Employee_Engagement_Business_Performance. aspx. 6. Belt, V and Giles, L (2009). High performance working A synthesis of key literature, UK Commission for Employment Skills, available at www. ukces. org. uk. 7. Ashton, D and Sung, J (2005). High performance work practices linking strategy and skills to perform outcomes. 8. CIPD (2008). High performance working, facesheet. Available at WWW. CIPD. co. uk (last accessed september2008). 9. Snell, S and Bohlander, G (2007). Human resource management-International student edition. Manson, OH Thomson south Western. 10. Huselid, M. A (1995). The impact of human resource management on turnover, productivity and corporate financial performance, Academy of management Journal, 38 pages 635-672. 11. Pfeffe r, J (1998). The Human Equation building profits by putting people first, Harvard business school press, Boston, MA, US. 12. Connell, D (2012). The Sunday Times 100 best companies, available at http//features. thesundaytimes. co. uk/public/best100companies/live/template. BIBILOGRAPHY 1. Holmes, T A (2010) ten characteristics in a high performance work team. Publication. Available at www. doctorholmes. net. Last modified January 10 2010. 2. Tamkin, P (2004). High performance work practices, Institute of employment studies, www. Employment-studies. co. uk. 3. Employee Engagement, copyright 2007, WWW. retention. aukrihub. com. 4. Green, F (2006). Demanding Work The Paradox of Job Quality in the Affluent Economy, Princeton, NJ Oxford Princeton University Press. 5. Konrad, A (2006). Employee engagement and firm performance. Available http//www. iveybusinessjournal. com/topics/the-workplace/engaging-employees-through-high-involvement-work-practices. Last accessed 11th march 2012. 6. Macle od, D and Clarke, N (2010). Engaging for success. Available http//www. bis. gov. uk/files/file52215. pdf. Last accessed 11th march 2012. 7. RAGS, B (2006). Corporation organizations. Available http//www. bookrags. com/research/corporate-organizations-eos-01/. Last

An Analysis of Police Reforms

1 COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE PROJECT payoffAn analysis of patrol tidys, in illuminate of Aristotles speculation of arbiter SUBMITTED TO PROF. AMITA DHANDA SUBMITTED BY DEEPINDER BAL ROLL NO. 11 LL. M I YEAR EMAIL- deepinder. email encourageed ac. in 1 Abstract In 1996, two former music director Generals of Police requested the imperative philander to direct the central and the verbalize judicatures to adopt a set of measures to address the most glaring gaps and bad practices in the surgery of the practice of right. 2Given the gravity of the problem and the total uncertainty as to when patrol reforms would be introduced, the Supreme Court, on 22nd September, 2006, delivered a historic judiciousness where it considered that it could not further wait for governments to take suitable steps for constabulary reforms and ventd 7 directives for immediate contour which were binding upon central and state governments, until they frame up appropriate legislations. The tec wou ld like to relate the topic with Aristotles theory.Aristotles vision of a frank civil rescript and the teleological theory can be related to the goal of knowledgeability of the patrol reforms viz. the judgment and the subroutine of the carrying into action of the judgment. 2 Topic- An analysis of faithfulness of nature reforms (In light of the judgment, Prakash Singh & others v. federation of India and others on 22, Sept, 2006) 3 The Government of India appointed a National Police Commission in 1977 to examine the role and performance of the Indian legal philosophy as a faithfulness of nature get out force-enforcing agency and as an insertion to cheer the rights of the citizens enshrined in the Constitution.The Commission submitted 8 reports in a span of 2 years, wherein it make variant recommendations so as to redefine the role, duties, powers and responsibilities of the law of nature. With the 8th report, it drafted a radical Police deed of conveyance incorpor ating certain essential recommendations, which were never implemented. In 1996, a petition was filed by 2 former Director Generals of Police, praying for the issue of directions to the Government of India to frame a new Police Act drafted by the Commission to agree that the law of nature is made accountable essentially and primarily to the law of the land and the people.As a part of my project research, I would like to examine the contend of police reforms in India, the implications and murder of the 2006 judgment of the Supreme Court (in response to the petition of 1996), in relation to the Aristotles theory of soundice and his innovation of a good civil society. India has conventional a vibrant country, where good governance and administration of legal expert to the citizens be essential attributes. The primary institution on which the state relies for the maintenance of law and pasture is the police.Policing is an essential prevalent service and it is the duty of e ve ry(prenominal)(prenominal) state to depart its people with the best police service possible. The society perceives police to be the custodians of law and set uping who bequeath safety and security to all. Thus police personnel have a racy role in a parliamentary democracy like India. The Police as an organized institution came into humanity in India with the Police Act of 1861, which was the advent of the British. The police act was designed on the British model of colonial dominate, which was meant for its subjects and not for the free citizens of a democracy.Independence has changed the policy-making system in India, but the police system is shut away governed by The Police Act of 1861. It is shocking to believe that, till now, no government, central or state, has interpreted the initiative to replace the Police Act of 1861 with new legislation, which would be in cable with requirements of participatory policing. Aristotle in his theory states that the conclude of any organisation is to from good citizens and to cultivate good character.We must recognize that the police is hotshot of the most vital kind institutions take to construct a elective society in which human rights and freedoms are respected and protected. He too stated that the end and get of a polis is the good life, and the institutions of favorable life are way of life to that end. 1 1 Who deserves what? , Michael sandels theory of justice. 3 A political fraternity exists to promote a good life and this go cannot be achieved without the support of an efficient social organization.So, the police service is a significant part of the culture body and it seeks to enhance the democracy and the civility within the society. 4 The aim of the police force is to promote the wel furthere of society for which they must be weaponed with the headmaster knowledge and the indispensable powers for creating a social just environment for the citizens. Aristotle believes that it is possi ble to reason the occasion of social institutions. He reasons that the essential nature of the social institutions is not fixed once and for all.Policing is a dynamic process. It need to be constantly reinvented in order to be effective. Civil society advocates for a alteration of policy changes, new legislations all aimed towards public good. Law is needed both to attention habituate citizens to virtuous actions and to help maintain the salutary habits they acquire. For Aristotle, the primary purpose of law is to cultivate the habits that lead to good character. Legislators make the citizens good by forming habits in them, and this is the wish of every legislator, and those who do not effect it miss their ark, and it is in this that a good Constitution differs from a bad one. 2 Presently, the police organisation is marked by aback of democratic functioning and fair to middling police direction. Police priorities are defined by, and changed jibe to, the pass on of the politica l administrator. The manner is which political control has been exercised in India has led to gross abuses, resulting in the eroding of sway of law as well as political credibility. At present the laws governing the relationship between police and the political executive are not clear enough to prevent the blurring of boundaries.Over the course of sequence this deficiency of clarity has permitted all kinds of illicit interferences to seep into the police functioning and is one of the originative causes for poor overall management of the police and the difficulty of regular responsibility so as to achieve effective, unbiased and accountable performance. In a democracy, the police have to function as any other public service, which renders services to the community and not as force. Aristotle has also made a trait between approach pattern of law and radiation diagram of force.The rule of law is a democratic rule for the benefit of the entire population (all citizens, the pu blic or the nation as much(prenominal)), whereas the rule of force is an authoritarian, perverted and degraded form of rule for the advantage of the ruler. 3 In relation to the above context, the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh has observed, Today, police forces have to serve the interests of the people, not rulers. In a democratic framework as we are in today, there is need to have in the police forces a managerial philosophy, a value system and an ethos in tune with the times.I had 2 3 Richard Kraut, Aristotle political philosophy, Oxford University press, 2002. Aristotle (384-322 BC) The Polis. Hammondsworth, 1991, Penguin. 4 5 emphasized the need to ensure that the police forces at all levels change from a feudal force to a democratic service. The spirit of public service, of respect for the rights of individuals, of existence just and kind-hearted in ones action must permeate the entire police force. 4 The Supreme Court too, reiterated the need of enforcing the rule of l aw in the police system with its verdict of the 2006 judgment5.The Court ordered that police reform must take place. The states and union territories were directed to comply with seven binding directives viz. to make a State Security Commission, selection and minimum advance of DGP, minimum tenure of IG of police and other officers, separation of Investigation, Constituting a Police asylum Board, to constitute a Police Complaints Authority and to set up a National Security Commission, that would kick start reform. These directives pulled together the various strands of improvement generated since 1979.The Court required immediate implementation of its orders either through executive orders or new police legislation. According to me, the judgment of the Supreme Court though came subsequently a decade of the filing of petition it served the dire requisite of the implementation of police reforms, which was never initiated by any of the state or the central government so far. Acco rding to Aristotelians theory of justice, every social practice or an institution is established for some purpose, end or aim. The aim of the police force as a social institution is to maintain law and order in a democratic society.If this purpose is not being achieved, the need for police reforms in keeping with the requirements of a modern, democratic state is self-evident. Aristotle has described his theory of justice as Justice is teleological- defining rights requires us to pattern out the telos (the purpose, end, or essential nature) of the social practice in question. Justice is awardingific- to reason about the telos of a practice- or to argue about it- is, at least(prenominal) in part, to reason or argue about what virtues it should honor and reward. 6 In any country, administration of justice is one of the primary functions, which it seeks to promote.One of the ways through which this purpose could be achieved is to have a policing system, which is equipped with such ad equate powers. Aristotle in his theory while discussing the concept of justice with regard to telos and honouring of virtues, stresses that you honour hardly those persons who help in achieving your purpose. 4 Prime Ministers address to the Annual conference of DGPs / IGPs of States and UTs October 6, 2005 New Delhi retrieved from http//pmindia. nic. in/speech/content. asp? id=207 5 Prakash Singh and others v. Union of India and others, Writ Petition (civil) 310 of 1996. 6 Supra, bloodline 1. As according to Aristotle only virtuous people are honored, to imbibe that virtue in the police force, it is necessary that they should have such powers where they can function efficiently and efficaciously thus, imparting goodness in the society. 6 Aristotle says that essential nature is attributed to the social institutions so that the purpose or the telos can be achieved. Here, the police being still governed under the 1861 act have not been given the required powers through which they ca n achieve the purpose of policing. The crux of the police reform is to secure professional independence for the police to unction truly and efficiently as an impartial agent of the law of the land and at the same time, to enable the government to get by the police performance to ensure its conformity to law. The need of law enforcement is to maintain peace, enforce the laws of the land, protect the people from criminals, and to help ensure the safety of the citizens. The corruption in political system and political leaders has made the Indian police toothless so far doing their duties is concerned. If the police have no powers, it cannot function to provide a safe and secure environment for its citizens.Coupled with undue political interference police functioning is plagued by the lack of policy directions and absence of any imposing performance evaluation framework. The most glaring examples of illegitimate political interference affecting police work is evident in cases of commu nal riots and other disturbances. domain order is a critical necessity for progress. An unruly society would be a chemical formula for economic disaster. With the implementation of the police reforms the part of life of the citizen, which is in great measure dependent upon the maintenance of public and police order entrust improve.Aristotle also states that at his best man is the noblest of all animals, separated from law and justice he is the worst. 7 Even after 6 years of the judgment have elapsed, no effective steps have been taken by a majority of states to incorporate the directives issued by the Supreme Court. None of the directions to professionalize the police force, to prevent arbitrary transfer of officers and introduction of transparency in the system have been implemented. The criminalization of Indian politics has eroded the authority of the police leaders and consequently the discipline of the force.Aristotles way of reasoning from the purpose of a good to the prop er allocation of the good is an instance of teleological reasoning. Aristotle claims that in order to determine the just distribution of a good, we have to look into into the telos, or purpose, of the good being distributed. The distribution of good that Aristotle talks about, in my case is similar to the distribution of powers in a democratic society. If we look into the purpose of power being distributed it should be in the hands of those who would best utilise the power and help in the achievement of a purpose, which is the administration of justice. And 7 Supra, note 3. 7 since police is a medium achieving the justice, they should be given proper powers in order to achieve the telos. Aristotle had said, It is in justice that ordering of society is centered. The justice system in many ways is the bedrock of a democratic society since it upholds the rule of law, which is the fundamental feature of a true democracy. Our laws have to be sensitive to the changes in social structur e and social philosophy, a reflection of contemporary social consciousness and a mirror of our values as a civilization. Thus, non-accessibility of justice results in the erosion of rule of law as well as police credibility. For Aristotle, justice means good-looking people what they deserve, giving each person his or her due. It involves two factors things, and the persons to whom things are assigned. 9 As far as the implementation of the judgment is concerned, the court stressed the need for a buffer body between the police and the politicians, which will accord functional impropriety to the police even as they are supervised by the political executive. As a result the relationship between the police and politician will loose its present character of unfettered discretion and illegitimate interference.The non-seriousness in the approach of the state governments in abiding with the directives issued by the Supreme Court, destroy the very basis of a judicial mechanism. The purpose of the judgment was to provide a professional and a wellequipped police system, which can efficiently manage the democratic society. The lack of political will in implementing this reform is symptomatic of a larger malice in the system, whereby the politician is reluctant to let go off his control over the police and law enforcement agencies.The alacrity with which thousands of northeast Indians fled Maharashtra and Karnataka lately has once again underscored the complete lack of the faith of the common man in the law and order machinery. It is yet another reminder that more than anything else a multi cultural and multi ethnic society like India needs an a political, professional police force and an efficient judicial system that will serve the rule of law without fear or favour. It is absence of such a vital mechanism that is at the heart of the unchecked crimes, poor conviction rate and the cosmopolitan lack of faith in the law and order system that we see in India today.The poli ce force is highly politicised and corrupt and more than anything else, it is the absence of rigorous enforcement of law and swift justice that is at the heart of the breakdown that we face today. Aristotles concept of a good civil society where he talks about the law of the polis inculcating good habits and thus forming a good character sets us on the way to civic virtue. This virtue can be achieved with the implementation of the police reforms in the society. 8 9 Supra, note 3. Supra, note 1. 7 8 The quality of the justice system in the country, to a larger consummation depends upon the working of a police force.Thus, having regard to larger public interest, it is absolutely necessary to issue the requisite directions. 8 Bibliography 9 ? Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics. Indianapolis Bobbs-Merrill, 1962 ? Who deserves what? , from Michael Sandels guess of Justice ? Morris, T. , (1998), If Aristotle ran General Motors the new soul of business. New York Henry Holt and Company, LLC. ? Richard Kraut, Aristotle political philosophy, Oxford University press, 2002 ? Aristotle (384-322 BC) The Polis. Hammondsworth, 1991, Penguin 9An Analysis of Police Reforms1 COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENCE PROJECT TOPICAn analysis of police reforms, in light of Aristotles theory of justice SUBMITTED TO PROF. AMITA DHANDA SUBMITTED BY DEEPINDER BAL ROLL NO. 11 LL. M I YEAR EMAIL- deepinder. emailprotected ac. in 1 Abstract In 1996, two former Director Generals of Police requested the Supreme Court to direct the central and the state governments to adopt a set of measures to address the most glaring gaps and bad practices in the functioning of the police. 2Given the gravity of the problem and the total uncertainty as to when police reforms would be introduced, the Supreme Court, on 22nd September, 2006, delivered a historic judgment where it considered that it could not further wait for governments to take suitable steps for police reforms and issued 7 directives for immediate compliance which were binding upon central and state governments, until they frame appropriate legislations. The researcher would like to relate the topic with Aristotles theory.Aristotles vision of a good civil society and the teleological theory can be related to the purpose of introduction of the police reforms viz. the judgment and the purpose of the implementation of the judgment. 2 Topic- An analysis of police reforms (In light of the judgment, Prakash Singh & others v. Union of India and others on 22, Sept, 2006) 3 The Government of India appointed a National Police Commission in 1977 to examine the role and performance of the Indian police as a law-enforcing agency and as an institution to protect the rights of the citizens enshrined in the Constitution.The Commission submitted 8 reports in a span of 2 years, wherein it made various recommendations so as to redefine the role, duties, powers and responsibilities of the police. With the 8th report, it drafted a new Police Act incorporat ing certain essential recommendations, which were never implemented. In 1996, a petition was filed by 2 former Director Generals of Police, praying for the issue of directions to the Government of India to frame a new Police Act drafted by the Commission to ensure that the police is made accountable essentially and primarily to the law of the land and the people.As a part of my project research, I would like to examine the need of police reforms in India, the implications and implementation of the 2006 judgment of the Supreme Court (in response to the petition of 1996), in relation to the Aristotles theory of justice and his concept of a good civil society. India has established a vibrant democracy, where good governance and administration of justice to the citizens are essential attributes. The primary institution on which the state relies for the maintenance of law and order is the police.Policing is an essential public service and it is the duty of every state to provide its peop le with the best police service possible. The society perceives police to be the custodians of law and order who provide safety and security to all. Thus police personnel have a vital role in a parliamentary democracy like India. The Police as an organized institution came into existence in India with the Police Act of 1861, which was the advent of the British. The police act was designed on the British model of colonial control, which was meant for its subjects and not for the free citizens of a democracy.Independence has changed the political system in India, but the police system is still governed by The Police Act of 1861. It is shocking to believe that, till now, no government, central or state, has taken the initiative to replace the Police Act of 1861 with new legislation, which would be in tune with requirements of democratic policing. Aristotle in his theory states that the purpose of any organization is to from good citizens and to cultivate good character.We must recogniz e that the police is one of the most vital social institutions needed to construct a democratic society in which human rights and freedoms are respected and protected. He also stated that the end and purpose of a polis is the good life, and the institutions of social life are means to that end. 1 1 Who deserves what? , Michael sandels theory of justice. 3 A political community exists to promote a good life and this aim cannot be achieved without the support of an efficient social organization.So, the police service is a significant part of the socialization body and it seeks to enhance the democracy and the civility within the society. 4 The aim of the police force is to promote the welfare of society for which they must be equipped with the professional knowledge and the necessary powers for creating a social just environment for the citizens. Aristotle believes that it is possible to reason the purpose of social institutions. He reasons that the essential nature of the social inst itutions is not fixed once and for all.Policing is a dynamic process. It needs to be constantly reinvented in order to be effective. Civil society advocates for a variety of policy changes, new legislations all aimed towards public good. Law is needed both to help habituate citizens to virtuous actions and to help maintain the salutary habits they acquire. For Aristotle, the primary purpose of law is to cultivate the habits that lead to good character. Legislators make the citizens good by forming habits in them, and this is the wish of every legislator, and those who do not effect it miss their ark, and it is in this that a good Constitution differs from a bad one. 2 Presently, the police organisation is marked by aback of democratic functioning and adequate police direction. Police priorities are defined by, and changed according to, the will of the political executive. The manner is which political control has been exercised in India has led to gross abuses, resulting in the eros ion of rule of law as well as political credibility. At present the laws governing the relationship between police and the political executive are not clear enough to prevent the blurring of boundaries.Over the course of time this lack of clarity has permitted all kinds of illegitimate interferences to seep into the police functioning and is one of the seminal causes for poor overall management of the police and the difficulty of fixing responsibility so as to achieve effective, unbiased and accountable performance. In a democracy, the police have to function as any other public service, which renders services to the community and not as force. Aristotle has also made a distinction between rule of law and rule of force.The rule of law is a democratic rule for the benefit of the entire population (all citizens, the public or the nation as such), whereas the rule of force is an authoritarian, perverted and corrupted form of rule for the advantage of the ruler. 3 In relation to the abo ve context, the Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh has observed, Today, police forces have to serve the interests of the people, not rulers. In a democratic framework as we are in today, there is need to have in the police forces a managerial philosophy, a value system and an ethos in tune with the times.I had 2 3 Richard Kraut, Aristotle political philosophy, Oxford University press, 2002. Aristotle (384-322 BC) The Polis. Hammondsworth, 1991, Penguin. 4 5 emphasized the need to ensure that the police forces at all levels change from a feudal force to a democratic service. The spirit of public service, of respect for the rights of individuals, of being just and humane in ones action must permeate the entire police force. 4 The Supreme Court too, reiterated the need of enforcing the rule of law in the police system with its verdict of the 2006 judgment5.The Court ordered that police reform must take place. The states and union territories were directed to comply with seven binding d irectives viz. to Constitute a State Security Commission, selection and minimum tenure of DGP, minimum tenure of IG of police and other officers, separation of Investigation, Constituting a Police Establishment Board, to constitute a Police Complaints Authority and to set up a National Security Commission, that would kick start reform. These directives pulled together the various strands of improvement generated since 1979.The Court required immediate implementation of its orders either through executive orders or new police legislation. According to me, the judgment of the Supreme Court though came after a decade of the filing of petition it served the dire necessity of the implementation of police reforms, which was never initiated by any of the state or the central government so far. According to Aristotelians theory of justice, every social practice or an institution is established for some purpose, end or aim. The aim of the police force as a social institution is to maintain l aw and order in a democratic society.If this purpose is not being achieved, the need for police reforms in keeping with the requirements of a modern, democratic state is self-evident. Aristotle has described his theory of justice as Justice is teleological- defining rights requires us to figure out the telos (the purpose, end, or essential nature) of the social practice in question. Justice is honorific- to reason about the telos of a practice- or to argue about it- is, at least in part, to reason or argue about what virtues it should honor and reward. 6 In any country, administration of justice is one of the primary functions, which it seeks to promote.One of the ways through which this purpose could be achieved is to have a policing system, which is equipped with such adequate powers. Aristotle in his theory while discussing the concept of justice with regard to telos and honouring of virtues, stresses that you honour only those persons who help in achieving your purpose. 4 Prime Ministers address to the Annual conference of DGPs / IGPs of States and UTs October 6, 2005 New Delhi retrieved from http//pmindia. nic. in/speech/content. asp? id=207 5 Prakash Singh and others v. Union of India and others, Writ Petition (civil) 310 of 1996. 6 Supra, note 1. As according to Aristotle only virtuous people are honored, to imbibe that virtue in the police force, it is necessary that they should have such powers where they can function efficiently and effectively thus, imparting goodness in the society. 6 Aristotle says that essential nature is attributed to the social institutions so that the purpose or the telos can be achieved. Here, the police being still governed under the 1861 act have not been given the required powers through which they can achieve the purpose of policing. The crux of the police reform is to secure professional independence for the police to unction truly and efficiently as an impartial agent of the law of the land and at the same time, to enab le the government to oversee the police performance to ensure its conformity to law. The need of law enforcement is to maintain peace, enforce the laws of the land, protect the people from criminals, and to help ensure the safety of the citizens. The corruption in political system and political leaders has made the Indian police toothless so far doing their duties is concerned. If the police have no powers, it cannot function to provide a safe and secure environment for its citizens.Coupled with undue political interference police functioning is plagued by the lack of policy directions and absence of any formal performance evaluation framework. The most glaring examples of illegitimate political interference affecting police work is evident in cases of communal riots and other disturbances. Public order is a critical necessity for progress. An unruly society would be a recipe for economic disaster. With the implementation of the police reforms the quality of life of the citizen, whi ch is in great measure dependent upon the maintenance of public and police order will improve.Aristotle also states that at his best man is the noblest of all animals, separated from law and justice he is the worst. 7 Even after 6 years of the judgment have elapsed, no effective steps have been taken by a majority of states to incorporate the directives issued by the Supreme Court. None of the directions to professionalize the police force, to prevent arbitrary transfer of officers and introduction of transparency in the system have been implemented. The criminalization of Indian politics has eroded the authority of the police leadership and consequently the discipline of the force.Aristotles way of reasoning from the purpose of a good to the proper allocation of the good is an instance of teleological reasoning. Aristotle claims that in order to determine the just distribution of a good, we have to inquire into the telos, or purpose, of the good being distributed. The distribution of good that Aristotle talks about, in my case is equivalent to the distribution of powers in a democratic society. If we look into the purpose of power being distributed it should be in the hands of those who would best utilise the power and help in the achievement of a purpose, which is the administration of justice. And 7 Supra, note 3. 7 since police is a medium achieving the justice, they should be given proper powers in order to achieve the telos. Aristotle had said, It is in justice that ordering of society is centered. The justice system in many ways is the bedrock of a democratic society since it upholds the rule of law, which is the fundamental feature of a true democracy. Our laws have to be sensitive to the changes in social structure and social philosophy, a reflection of contemporary social consciousness and a mirror of our values as a civilization. Thus, non-accessibility of justice results in the erosion of rule of law as well as police credibility. For Aristotle, ju stice means giving people what they deserve, giving each person his or her due. It involves two factors things, and the persons to whom things are assigned. 9 As far as the implementation of the judgment is concerned, the court stressed the need for a buffer body between the police and the politicians, which will accord functional autonomy to the police even as they are supervised by the political executive. As a result the relationship between the police and politician will loose its present character of unfettered discretion and illegitimate interference.The non-seriousness in the approach of the state governments in abiding with the directives issued by the Supreme Court, destroy the very basis of a judicial mechanism. The purpose of the judgment was to provide a professional and a wellequipped police system, which can efficiently manage the democratic society. The lack of political will in implementing this reform is symptomatic of a larger malice in the system, whereby the poli tician is reluctant to let go off his control over the police and law enforcement agencies.The alacrity with which thousands of northeast Indians fled Maharashtra and Karnataka recently has once again underscored the complete lack of the faith of the common man in the law and order machinery. It is yet another reminder that more than anything else a multi cultural and multi ethnic society like India needs an a political, professional police force and an efficient judicial system that will serve the rule of law without fear or favour. It is absence of such a vital mechanism that is at the heart of the unchecked crimes, poor conviction rate and the general lack of faith in the law and order system that we see in India today.The police force is highly politicised and corrupt and more than anything else, it is the absence of strict enforcement of law and swift justice that is at the heart of the breakdown that we face today. Aristotles concept of a good civil society where he talks abou t the law of the polis inculcating good habits and thus forming a good character sets us on the way to civic virtue. This virtue can be achieved with the implementation of the police reforms in the society. 8 9 Supra, note 3. Supra, note 1. 7 8 The quality of the justice system in the country, to a larger extent depends upon the working of a police force.Thus, having regard to larger public interest, it is absolutely necessary to issue the requisite directions. 8 Bibliography 9 ? Aristotle, Nicomachean ethics. Indianapolis Bobbs-Merrill, 1962 ? Who deserves what? , from Michael Sandels Theory of Justice ? Morris, T. , (1998), If Aristotle ran General Motors the new soul of business. New York Henry Holt and Company, LLC. ? Richard Kraut, Aristotle political philosophy, Oxford University press, 2002 ? Aristotle (384-322 BC) The Polis. Hammondsworth, 1991, Penguin 9

Mytaxi (Intelligent Apps Gmbh) Extension from Germany to the Philippines Essay

Original paper is full of Appendices. You may get in touch with me if you would like to present a copy of the FULL VERSION with extraneous links, charts, images, etc. PROJECT PROPOSAL my hack writer HOME COUNTRY Ger more derriere COUNTRY Philippines OBJECTIVE To expand the usage of the my travel (Intelligent Apps GmbH) application to Filipino Smartphone theatrical rolers-Taxi Drivers PRODUCT INFORMATION develop by Niclaus Mewes and Sven Kuelper in 2009, myTaxi is a Smartphone application that directly connects Taxi driver and passenger, enabling more efficient pick-up and drop-off transportation gos.CATEGORY Travel / cargo ships TARGET USERS Taxi Drivers, Taxi Passengers, Taxi Corporations CURRENT MARKETS (Domestic) Germany Berlin, Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Hannover, Leipzig, Munich, Nuremburg, Stuttgart, Sylt (Regiocentric) Vienna Austria Spain Barcelona, Madrid Poland Warsaw (Geocentric) Washington D. C. , United States of America Currently Und er Development In (Germany) Augsburg, Braunschweig, Bremen, Darmstadt, Essen, Heilbronn, Gera, Kaiserslautern, Karlsruhe, Kassel, Leverk make use ofn, Mainz, Offenbach, Potsdam, Salzburg, Wiesbaden, WurzburgDomestic Market Conditions (2012) flesh of Taxi Passengers Per Year 260 million est. Total Revenue in Taxi F bes 2. 6 billion Euros Number of sprightly Subscriptions 114. 2 million Smartphone Market Pe authorizeration 53% Number of 3G/4G Subscriptions 53. 2 million 3G Market Pe earnration 65% REQUIREMENTS Smartphone (Android or iOS), Internet (at least 500 MB) acquirableness iTunes (Apple Store) for Apple Google Play for Android PRICE For Passengers FREE DOWNLOAD (Application)Standard Taxi fares apply with no additional costs for using myTaxi ( impartation Service) For Drivers 2,75% (net) for every utility mediate via myTaxi HOW IT WORKS For Passengers Immediately upon opening the application, myTaxi uses GPS to pin point the drug users location. The app will then loc ate each(prenominal) of the available myTaxis in the area. The user gutter then send a pick-up request, as well as specify a destination (optional). Once a pick-up is confirmed, the user can assist the drivers information name, vehicle registration, as well as his rating from other myTaxi users.The user can then track the progress of the Taxi until it picks him up. For Drivers Taxi drivers need to register with myTaxi in order to be part of the governing body. This can be done via the myTaxi application, at a myTaxi office, or on the mytaxi. net website . Upon acceptance of a pick-up request, the driver receives the application users mobile number in case of extenuating circumstances, such as a handicraft jam. FEATURES Favorite Drivers Drivers can not only be rated, but also be saved and prioritized for future trips. Fare Calculator Cost transparency via the integrated fare calculator that may be used before booking a trip. Flexible Payment Options Users can pay with cash or use credit, debit, or even PayPal. myTaxi has pioneered the cashless and even cardless payment of Taxi trips through the application . Advanced Booking Bookings can be made up to four years in advance of the users desired pick-up date, time, and place. Personalized Booking Options Eco-taxis, 5-star Taxis, Airport trips, Luggage, Pet-friendly Taxis, Number of expected passengers TERMS AND CONDITIONSFor Passengers I. Performance of myTaxi II. Second amendment and termination of crap III. Availability IV. Liability V. General Obligations of the user VI. Responsibility for Content VII. Final Provisions For Taxi Driver I. Gratuitous go of myTaxi II. Settlement of mediation benefits III. Payment IV. Amendment and termination of service V. Availability VI. General obligations of the user VII. Obligation to accept transfer order VIII. Termination of contract / disqualification of use IX. Rating system X. Responsibility for content XI. Final provisionsFor Business Accounts I. Contra ct II. Contractual obligations of the contractor III. Invoicing by myTaxi IV. Employee Training V. Liability VI. Term and Termination VII. External archetype of cooperation VIII. Of assignment, final provisions EXISTING PARTNERSHIPS Car2Go HRS Ds Hotelportal Miles & More Lufthansa Samsung T Mobile AirPlus International myTaxi is an innovative application that combined two different industries The first is the relatively stable Transportation Industry, wherein passengers are given the option to commute semi-privately via Taxi.The second is the new and booming Smartphone + Internet Industry. The combination of both industries created a product (the application) AND service (the features) that covers both the daily transportation needs of commuters with their want of efficiency, reliability, and personalization in tune with the lifestyle of Today. With all this in mind, it is no surprise that myTaxi first focused on its domestic grocery store to establish its name and create sensat ion of what they have to offer.Following their domestic success, myTaxi marketed itself to its immediate neighboring countries, a strategic move on their part, since their popularity would logically trickle itself to those right next to them, and not those far away being involved in Travel and Transportation, this was clearly a logical step. The literal trick however, to marketing myTaxi was through partnerships with individual Taxi drivers and Taxi dispatch companies, and with complementary product brands, such as Samsung wherein the application is pre-installed in all their Smartphone units. Its power lies mostly in its reputation.In its attempt to expand to the U. S. market, myTaxi had to compete with a few competitors, as the U. S. already had a few Taxi applications to choose from, depending on which city you were in. However, because of its popularity, its brand strength boasting to already have 2. 3 million users, it was able to secure a partnership with the D. C. Taxica b Commission. With their endorsement, myTaxi managed to escalate itself as more legitimate in the eyes of the market than its competitors. Lastly, one must consider that being a pioneer, myTaxi has been and is still reaping the benefits of the First Mover Advantage.It has already created its recess in the Transportation Industry and is transforming the preexisting Taxi market as well. myTaxi was already hailed as one of the top applications of 2012. TARGET MARKET INFORMATION TARGET MARKET Metro Manila NCR, Philippines (Lower-Middle Income) (Market Capitalism constitutional democratic republic) GENERAL DEMOGRAPHICS Population 103,775,002 (Philippines, July 2012) 21,050,000 (Metro Manila, 2010) Size 638. 55 km2 (Total Area) with a density of 18,567/km2 Rate of Urbanization 2. 3% (2010-2015 estimated) annual rate of change Currency Philippine Pesos (? Currency Inflation Rate 2. 6% (March 2012) VEHICLES AND TRAFFIC Number of Motor Vehicles Registered 1,740,812 (2012) approx. 30% of t otal 6,316,522 Number of Motor Vehicles Registered by Classification for the entire PH Private 5,410,783 (2012) approx. 86% of total 6,316,522 For Hire 840,974 (2012) approx. 13% of total 6,316,522 Number of Taxis 40,000 (2009) for the entire PH yearly Average Daily Traffic approx. 10,927,245 (2011) vehicles approx. 4,049,314 caused by Passenger Cars (37%) approx. 2,195,860 caused by Utility Passengers (20%)Number of Apprehended Drivers 14,439 (2012) approx. 2% of total 761,743 Committed Traffic Violations 1. RA 8750 Seatbelt Use Act 2. No CR/OR On Hand 3. Obstruction 4. Student Driver Operating an MV w/o Accompanying certify Driver 5. Driving w/o License 6. Unregistered/Invalid MV Registration 7. Reckless Driving 8. Driving w/ Delinquent/Invalid, Suspended, deceitful or Revoked License 9. No Brake Light 10. No EWD Carried MOBILE PHONES AND INTERNET Number of Internet Users 33. 6 million (2012) Internet Usage maturation Rate 11% (2012) Smartphone Sales Value $606. 5 mill ion (2011)Number of Smartphone Subscribers 15 million (2012) Smartphone Subscribers Growth 38% (2012) Mobile Internet Users 24% of all Filipino Internet users on a daily basis 56% intend to access the Internet via mobile phone in the next 12 months (2011) Leading Telecommunication Operators (Q1 2012) Smart Communications, Inc. Market Share 68% Mobile Connections 66. 1 million Prepaid Subscribers 97% of total subscribers 3G Subscribers 24% of total subscribers human race Telecom, Inc. Market Share 32% Mobile Connections 31 million Prepaid Subscribers 95% of total subscribers 3G Subscribers 27% of total subscribers OTHER STATISTICS Fuel Prices (as of 11 April 2013) diesel engine ? 40. 00 per liter Unleaded ? 50. 72 per liter EXPANSION PLAN TO THE PHILIPPINES IMPETUS Statistics are not needed to see that there are too many cars in Metro Manila, more than what the roads can actually accommodate. Traffic is a serious problem in the city, and though much can be said about the many reasons behind it, the reality remains that for every bus there are 50 cars on the road (Murphy, 2010).That is how congested the city roads are. There is definitely a need to limit the number of vehicles, or one day all movements on the streets will come to a stop. A more efficient and trustworthy Taxi-riding environment may encourage people to commute more, instead of driving out in their own cars for the simplest errands, or from even buying their own. A more centralized and systematized Taxi system may also encourage more discipline in drivers AND passengers, for example decrease the number of pick-ups and drop-offs in the middle of the road. ADVANTAGES EASE Streets in the Philippines can be tricky .A lot of roads are not frequented by Taxis Taxis are usually already occupied when spotted on the main roads There are usually just certain places where Taxis are most available i. e. malls, markets Getting back from those places may be easy enough, but getting there from wherev er is the hard part. Hailing a Taxi is tedious and time-consuming in a busy city like Metro Manila. TRUST Both for foreigners and locals alike, there is always a chance of hailing a cab that has a touch on Taxi Meter, and you only find out until it is too late. myTaxis Fare Calculator works against that.You may also experience a driver bent on swindling you for extra money just because you have luggage or are with someone in need of assistance. With myTaxis Personalized Booking Options, you can already pre-bargain with your Taxi driver and let him know what to expect from you. Any additional costs need not be a surprise. SAFETY If youre in the middle of nowhere in the middle of the night, order a cab via myTaxi instead of walking around looking for one. FEEDBACK Taxi drivers usually have no fear because they answer to no one, or at least no one bothers to go through the trouble of reporting them to their supervisors if they have one. yTaxi lets you let feedback of your trip and y our driver, removing them from the service if they have done you any wrong, or warning future passengers. PRICE For Passengers Application remains free. For Drivers Following the 2,75% (net) for every service mediated by myTaxi Taxi Fare Flag Down Rate ? 20. 00 ? 1. 50 per 500 meters *There is a possibility however, of lowering the rate to 2% overdue to Taxi drivers generating a below-average income in the Philippines. Average Income of Taxi Drivers ? ,500. 00 per week MARKET ENTRY ( increase Extension-Communication Adaptation) Product itself remains relatively unchanged, aside from the necessary calibrations for the myTaxi application to work in Metro Manila. Communication approach will have to be different however, as the Philippines is a completely new market to this type of peer-to-peer service . Communication approach to potential passengers will also differ from potential drivers. Pre-Installed Application in Smartphones Units deployed to the Philippines will already have my Taxi pre-installed like in Germany -Pre-Installation leads to awareness that product is available Constantly seeing application will peak customers interest Trying out what this application and how it works leads to its evaluation and trial Upon first successful order of Taxi, customer adopts to the usage of the application whenever a Taxi is needed, as well as becoming more positive in exploring its other features Product loyalty is established, as well as recommendation of it to peers -myTaxi avatar/widget to be included in the list of Product Features, both online and in print Personalized Proposals to Taxi Corporations Direct contact between myTaxi Sales Representative/s and owner/manager of Taxi potful through a meeting -Email point of contact of Taxi corporation a myTaxi fear plan and proposal -eAdvertisements Personalized Proposals to Individual Taxi Drivers -Group instruction and Information Sessions managed by myTaxi Sales Representative/s -Free trial period -Flyer s distributed in strategic areas -eAdvertisements Partnerships with Transportation-Related Government Offices to Aid in Endorsement of Service -Department of Transportation and Communications Land Transportation Office LTO http//lto. gov. ph/ -Metropolitan Manila Development Authority MMDA http//www. mmda. gov. ph/ Others -myTaxi stickers (on Taxis) to increase awareness and curiosity -myTaxi application to be feature in a local newspaper articleLEGALITY AND REGULATIONS No known regulation for the usage of Smartphone applications in the Philippines. Application is an add-on to an already registered business whether by the individual Taxi driver or a Taxi Corporation thus, no taxes, licenses, permits, etc. involved. Political, legal, and regulatory environment poses no known risk. adopt also myTaxi Term and Conditions. CHALLENGES Limited Features (cabs in the Philippines are not equipped for payments via debit, credit, or PayPal) Training on how to use the application (more for t he drivers than the passengers) Investment on Smartphone and Mobile Internet Plan (many options are offered however by Smart and Globe) Hofstedes Cultural Typologies Power Distance Acceptance and willingness to try application by the star/leading Taxi driver or owner/manager of a Taxi corporation is a must. Other drivers will easily follow at a time connection with the boss is established. Collectivistic Word-of-mouth will be the strongest marketing tool both for passengers and potential myTaxi drivers. Masculine Most if not all Taxi drivers in Metro Manila are male. This must be taken into consideration when marketing myTaxi to them. Expect assertive, challenging and highly skeptical questions. Uncertainty evasion Hypothetically no problems in getting Filipinos to accept myTaxi, especially once German origins are made known. Innovation especially American and European ones, are not seen as threatening. Use this as an advantage.Short-Term Orientation Acceptance of myTaxi now may be achieved, but users, both driver and passenger, may pose bored and/or negligent of the application in the future. Ensure that its long-term advantages are very appealing and well communicated to drivers. Create a dependence on myTaxi for passengers. Sources AJTP Information Center. (n. d. ). Road Transport Philippines Data file. Retrieved whitethorn 11, 2013, from http//www. ajtpweb. org/statistics/Philippines/road-transport-philippines Alternat1ve. (n. d. ). Philippine Gasoline Prices (P/li) Data file. 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