Exercise 10: Acid Base Balance

EXERCISE 10 Acid-Base Balance Student Name ______________Student ID ______________ Student instructions Follow the step-by-step instructions for this exercise arrange in your testing ground manual and record your answers in the spaces below. Submit this completed document by the identification due date found in the Syllabus. Re shout out this document to include your first and last name prior to submitting, e. g. Exercise10_JohnSmith. oc. Please make sure that your answers are fictional characterd in RED. (You may delete these instructions sooner submission. ) Grading True/False, Multiple-Choice, and Fill-in-the-blank type questions will be worth 1 point each whereas Short-answer type questions will be worth 2 points each. This lab will be worth a entire of 45 points but will be converted to a percentage grade when registered in your Gradebook. action 1 Hyperventilation Answers A substance that dissolves in water to release hydrogen (H+) ions is a(n) _______. Acid Which of t he following is non a regulatory mechanism for acid/base balance in the trunk? D digestive System the kidneys the respiratory form protein buffers the digestive system of rules The maximum pH measured during hyperventilation was _______. 7. 58 The tidal volume (TV) when living at rest was about _____ ml. The TV with hyperventilation was 3 about _____ ml. 4. Describe the median(prenominal) ranges for pH and PCO2 in the blood. Min Pco2 40 grievous bodily harm Pco2 40 Min pH 7. 41 Max pH 7. 41 Describe what happened to the pH and the carbon dioxide in the blood with hyperventilation. Min Pco2 move to 25. 94 (well below normal) Min pH preventativeed more or less normal at 7. Explain how returning to normal breathing after hyperventilation differed from hyperventilation With straight hyperventilation the pH stayed within average and without returning to normal breathing. the carbon dioxide lowered tremendously. With the Hyperventilation hence back to normal breathing the carbon dioxide levels did not lower as much and the pH stayed about the normal zone as well. Describe some possible causes of respiratory alkalosis. serious cardiac cark ACTIVITY 2 Rebreathing In cases of acidosis, the pH of the blood is C Less than 7. 35 Between 7. 4 and 7. 55 Between 7. 35 and 7. 45 Less than 7. 35 Greater than 7. 5 In this lab simulation, the minimum pH during rebreathing was _______. 7. 24 If a person is treated in a hospital parking brake department by breathing in and out of a paper Rebreathing sack, this is a classic good example of _________ to lower the blood pH. Hypoventilation results in C An appeal of CO2 in the blood lightheadedness. numbness around the lips.Answer _________ an accumulation of CO2 in the blood. a good treatment for respiratory acidosis. Describe what happened to the pH and the PCO2 levels in the blood during rebreathing. Min pH lowered to 7. 24 Max pH raised to 7. 42 Min Pco2 st ayed the same at 40 Max Pco2 raised to 53. 02 Describe several possible causes of respiratory acidosis. airway obstructions or inadequate ventilation, also possible from over production of Pco2 Explain how the renal system can compensate for respiratory acidosis. the renal system compensates by retaining hco3 and excreting hydrogen ions ACTIVITY 3 Renal Responses to Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis When carbon dioxide (CO2) mixes with water in the blood stream, carbonic acid is formed. This heat content carbonic acid can then dissociate into the _______ ion and the _______ ion. Bicarbonate When more CO2 is produced by the body than can be expired from the lungs, the pH of the blood mightC Decrease increase stay normal decrease either stay in the normal range or decrease. True or False The renal system is able to fully compensate for acidosis or alkalosis. True Describe what happened to the concentration of ions in the urine when the blood PCO2 wa s lowered. H Decreased HCO3 Increased What condition was simulated when the blood PCO2 was lowered? Alkalosis Describe what happened to the concentration of ions in the urine when the blood PCO2 was raised. H Increased HCO3 Decreased What condition was stirred up when the blood PCO2 was raised? Acidosis ACTIVITY 4 Respiratory Responses to Metabolic Acidosis and Metabolic Alkalosis The cellular gaseous hazardous product than can accumulate in the blood stream is ______ ______. Carbon Dioxide In this lab simulation, when the metabolous rate was increased to 80 kcal/hour, the pH of the blood C 7. 25 63 lowered to ______ because of an accumulation of _______ H+ in the blood. 7. 2 45 7. 30 42 7. 25 63 7. 09 92 When the metabolism was decreased, the matter of breaths/minute _________ (increased, decreased, orDecreased remained the same). True or False In a hospital, the treatments for respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis are False usually the same beca use these conditions are so similar. Describe what happened to the blood pH when the metabolic rate was increased to 80 kcal/hr. What The blood pH decreased to 7. 26, BPM increased tremendously, PCo2 body system was compensating? and also H increased as well. The HCO3 decreased. List and describe some possible causes of metabolic acidosis, i. e. how the acidosis is caused. Keto Acidosis A buildup of keto acids that result from diabetes mellitus Salicylate Poisoning a toxic condition resulting from ingestion of too much aspirin or oil of wintergreen, alcohol, or strenuous exercise. Describe what happened to the blood pH when the metabolic rate was decreased to 20 kcal/hr. What body system was compensating? List and describe some possible causes of metabolic alkalosis, i. e. how the alkalosis is caused. Ingestion of alkali, vomiting, constipation